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CPU Last modified: Sunday, October 25, 2009
Pronounced as separate letters it is the abbreviation for central processing unit. The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor, but more commonly called processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system. On large machines, CPUs require one or more printed circuit boards. On personal computers and small workstations, the CPU is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor. Since the 1970's the microprocessor class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other CPU implementations. The CPU itself is an internal component of the computer. Modern CPUs are small and square and contain multiple metallic connectors or pins on the underside. The CPU is inserted directly into a CPU socket, pin side down, on the motherboard. Each motherboard will support only a specific type or range of CPU so you must check the motherboard manufacturer's specifications before attempting to replace or upgrade a CPU. Modern CPUs also have an attached heat sink and small fan that go directly on top of the CPU to help dissipate heat. Two typical components of a CPU are the following: The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations. The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary. See "What Is CPU Overclocking?" in the "Did You Know...?" section of Webopedia. Also see All About Dual-Core Processors  in the "Did You Know...?" section of Webopedia. To understand how your computer system communicates with your CPU, see "Understanding PC Buses" in the Did You Know...?" section of Webopedia.
Building Your Own PC  What hard-core techies and companies like Dell and Compaq have been doing for years is what any computer user can learn how to do - build a computer from scratch. Let SE take you on a stroll through the park and ease the pain of building a DIY PC. PC system processor reference guide  Comprehensive look at the system processor. Covers semiconductor technology, manufacturing, characteristics, power, voltage levels, cooling, packaging, sockets, external and internal architecture. Discusses performance factors. Complete look at over 20 popular processors, including the latest offerings from Intel, AMD and Cyrix. CPU performance enhancing utilities A collection of utilities designed to unlock advanced features of the Cyrix 6x86, 5x86, and Pentium Pro processors. Includes many popular programs frequently requested on USENET. Hardware Central Detailed test reports on the latest desktop and laptop computers. Plus news on trend-setting products just coming into the pipeline. Microprocessor Comparison Chart A cut-to-the-chase guide that compares and contrasts popular processing chips. Webopedia: What Is CPU Overclocking? Basically overclocking means to run a microprocessor faster than the clock speed for which it has been tested and approved. Webopedia's "Did You Know... AMD & Intel Processor Lineups" It never fails. Just after you upgrade your CPU, Intel or AMD announces a new processor, pushing technology to new limits — at least its next processor. Webopedia's "Did You Know...?" Section Use this Webopedia knowledge section for an in-depth overview of specific technologies and occurrences in the areas of Computer Science, The Internet, and Computer Hardware and Software. Webopedia's Quick Reference Section Use this Webopedia reference section for information on common Internet and computer facts and occurrences. What Is 64-bit Computing? When reading about PCs and servers, you'll often see the CPU described by the number of bits (e.g., 32-bit or 64-bit), here's a little info about what that means.	Related Categories Microprocessors Related Terms ALU bit-slice chip CISC clock speed CNR coprocessor CPU socket CPU time CU dual core fab fabless Intel microprocessors microprocessor MMU multicore technology multiplier lock oscillator clock overclock picoJava PowerPC processor RISC scratchpad RAM silicon UMA VLIW Von Neumann machine